Indus Valley Civilisation General Overview One of the four earliest civilisations along with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China. Part of the proto-history of India. Belongs to the Bronze age. Mature phase lasted between 2600-1900 BC. Chronological Phases Early Phase: 3500-2600 BC Middle (Mature) Phase: 2600-1900 BC Later Phase: 1900-1400 BC Key Discoveries Harappa discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921. Mohenjodaro discovered by RD Banerjee in 1922. Nomenclature Coined "Indus Valley Civilisation" by John Marshall. Also known as "Harappan Civilisation" after the first discovered site, Harappa. Alternatively called "Saraswati-Sindhu Civilisation". Geographical Spread Covered areas in Sind, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Maharashtra. Sites in Afghanistan Mundigak Shortughai Westernmost